In the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://messiahbglqv.blogunteer.com/38246242/understanding-the-physical-design-perspective-in-modern-vlsi-education