Based on the premise that smallholders often get excluded as markets become more commercial. this paper draws lessons from the Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (C:AVA) Project by exploring the main issues and challenges facing extension service partners in five African countries (Nigeria. Ghana. Tanzania. https://www.ealisboa.com/best-flash-Nightstick-TWM-850XL-Tactical-Weapon-Mounted-Light-limited-super/